St John's Cathedral, Brisbane and the Anzac Legend

Impressum6
Contents7
Floorplan of St John's Cathedral: location of memorials8
A message from the Premier11
Foreword by the Dean13
Introduction16
Soldiers of the Australian 9/49th Battalion marching to St John’s Cathedral in 1935 prior to laying up their ‘colours’ (standards) in the Cathedral.17
Australian naval ratings march outside St John’s Cathedral during the Second World War.19
1 The Gallipoli campaign and the Cathedral’s Anzac flag22
Queensland soldiers leaving Brisbane on a troopship bound for Egypt, where they assembled and trained before departing for Gallipoli.23
Opposite page background: First World War topographic map of the Dardanelles Strait and Gallipoli Peninsula with terrain shown by colour shading and contour lines.24
Opposite page inset below: Topographic map close-up, with Anzac Cove centre left, showing Anzac and Turkish posts, trenches, tracks and roads, and approximate landing places.24
Transport mules at Anzac Cove killed by shrapnel from Beachy Bill, the Turkish Gun battery on the heights at the southern end of the Cove.25
Anzac Cove looking north from Hell Spit in 1915. Note the seemingly impenetrable coastal terrain which gave the Turkish defenders atop the cliffs an unassailable advantage.26
Two Australian soldiers in slouch hats in their trench posing for the camera at Anzac Cove in 1915.27
Transport mules lie dead in a trench at Anzac Cove, killed by shrapnel from Beachy Bill, a Turkish gun battery on the heights at the southern end of the Cove.28
An Anzac war cemetery on the hillside at Gallipoli in 1915.29
Close-up enlarged extract of Birdwood’s signature and date on the Anzac flag.30
The Anzac commander General Birdwood from a photograph published in 1916. Birdwood’s signature may be found on the Cathedral’s Gallipoli flag.31
1915 drawing made by David Barker at Gallipoli depicting an Australian soldier fighting in front of a Union Jack, similar to the one used at Gallipoli by Chaplain Maxwell which hangs in the Cathedral. The drawing formed the cover for the ”Anzac Book” p33
Two perspectives from Anzacs at Gallipoli ...34
Belying the bloody horrors which occurred on this stony beach more than a century ago, this tranquil 2017 view north across Anzac35
2 Canon Garland and the origins of Anzac Day36
Army recruits at Enoggera Military Camp Brisbane, 1915, where Canon Garland was Chaplain and a major force in Queensland’s military recruitment campaign in the early years of the First World War.37
Opposite page: Lieutenant-Colonel the Reverend Canon David Garland OBE, the principal architect of Anzac Day in Australia.37
Canon Garland (seated at centre of picture) with fellow Army recruiters in Queensland, c 1915.38
The first Anzac Day Parade in Brisbane on 25 April 1916 organised by Canon Garland and the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee of Queensland.39
3 Commemorating the service and sacrifice of all who fought in the First World War40
Opposite page: Windows in the South Transept of the Cathedral commemorating the service and sacrifice of all Australians, men and women, who took part in the First World War.41
The Third Battle of Ypres, France, 1917, claimed more than 38,000 Australian casualties (killed or wounded), some of whom are shown in the photograph here.41
Australian soldiers at Ypres, one of the major battle fronts of the First World War.42
The first group of nurses arrives in Egypt to care for wounded soldiers from Gallipoli, 1915.43
Staff, nurses and patients at the fractured femur ward at No. 2 Australian General Hospital at the Somme, France 1917, the setting of the bloodiest battle in the First World War with one million soldiers on all sides killed or wounded.44
In 1916 the 1st Australian Division captured the French village of Pozieres but in intense fighting lost 6800 men. In the image below, an Australian soldier mortally wounded at the battle is buried. A chaplain reads the service over the grave.45
4 The ‘Old Contemptibles’46
A sketch of the ‘Old Contemptibles’ (the British Expeditionary Force) disembarking in France in 1914 en route to war with Germany. The smiles on these soldiers’ faces were soon to fade in the horrific fighting which followed.47
Following pages: Queensland members of the Old Contemptibles Association march on Anzac Day in Brisbane c. 1954.47
Opposite page: Window in the Cathedral showing two members of the British Expeditionary Force of 1914 (the ‘Old Contemptibles’) receiving a priestly blessing before heading to the Western Front.47
5 Nurse Edith Cavell50
Edith Cavell.51
Opposite page: Window in the South Transept of the Cathedral commemorating English nurse Edith Cavell who was executed by the German Army for smuggling 200 allied soldiers to safety.51
First World War Australian military recruitment poster from 1915 featuring Nurse Cavell. A menacing German soldier stares at the slain body of Cavell, executed by a German firing squad52
Australian soldiers visit the Champ de tir in Brussels, where Edith Cavell was executed, after the First World War. The stone on the ground marks the exact spot of her execution.53
6 The Shellal Mosaic and the “bravery of our Anzacs in Palestine”54
Australian Light Horsemen in Palestine in 1917, preparing the Shellal Mosaic for removal and packaging for transportation to Australia.55
Opposite page: This image depicts the Shellal Mosaic from the 6th Century which was discovered at Shellal in Palestine.55
The full Shellal Mosaic as it appears on display in the Hall of Valour at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.56
Following pages: A long column of Australian Light Horsemen makes a triumphal entry into Bethlehem or Jerusalem following the Battle of Beersheba.57
The Na’aran Mosaic which was uncovered from the West Bank of the Jordan, also dating from the 6th Century.57
7 The All Hallows stone – remembering the Battle of Britain and the London Blitz60
Opposite page: The stone capital in the South Transept of St John’s Cathedral taken from the ruins of All Hallows Church, Barking after the church was bombed by German aircraft during the London Blitz of 1940.61
The ruins of All Hallows Church, Barking after its bombing during the London Blitz.61
Firestorm in a London street following a German bombing raid in 1940.62
View from the glazed nose of a Luftwaffe Heinkel He-111 bomber towards one of its counterparts, making a bombing run over London during the Blitz of 1940.62
Royal Australian Air Force recruits parade through Brisbane in 1940. Many would go on to Britain to fight in the air war against Nazi Germany.63
Painting of a young Australian Lancaster bomber crew from 460 Squadron, RAAF64
All Hallows Church, Barking, in London, as restored after its bombing during the Blitz.65
8 Commemorating the Australian—American alliance during the Second World War66
Opposite page: Two windows in the south west aisle of St John’s Cathedral commemorating the alliance between the United States and Australia. The windows on the left represents Australia, those on the right the United States.67
Smoke billows from the cargo vessel MV Neptuna in Darwin harbour after the ship was destroyed during the first Japanese air raid on Darwin on 19 February 1942. Forty-five of the crew died as bombs exploded in the saloon and engine room.67
Prime Minister John Curtin of Australia embraces General Douglas MacArthur of the United States in Sydney on 8 June 1943. Curtin and MacArthur forged a close relationship during the Second World War which helped secure the Australian-American alliance.68
American sailors in Brisbane during the Second World War.69
Aircraft carrier USS Wasp sinks with the loss of 193 American sailors after being hit by a torpedo from a Japanese submarine in September 1942. The carrier was taking part in the campaign against the Japanese at Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands70
Opposite page: The United States and Australia as Allies: Corporal Leslie ‘Bull’ Allen, a stretcher-bearer from the Australian 2/5th Battalion, carries a wounded American soldier to safety near Salamaua in New Guinea on 30 July 1943.70
Women working in a munitions factory in Brisbane during the Second World War.72
The navy blue field of the 6th Battalion’s colours counterpoints the gold scrolls of the unit’s battle honours, including Long Tan and prior service in Korea in the 1950s conflict there.73
9 Honouring the New Guinea Martyrs74
The window in St John’s Cathedral representing four women missionaries among the “New Guinea Martyrs” - including Queensland teacher Mavis Parkinson - who were murdered by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in 1942.75
Mavis Parkinson, the Ipswich teacher murdered by the Japanese invaders of New Guinea.76
Relief map of the Territories of Papua and New Guinea, extending to the Solomon Islands to the south-east of Bougainville.77
Australia’s 2/12th Infantry Battalion in action at Buna.78
Japanese soldiers surrender on the island of Bougainville, New Guinea, 1945.79
10 Field Marshal Montgomery, the Australians and the Battle of El Alamein80
Field Marshal Montgomery visiting St John’s Cathedral in 1947 to officially unveil the Stone of Remembrance. With him is then Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane, the Most Reverend Reginald Halse.81
Opposite page: The “Stone of Remembrance” on the Cathedral’s north wall commemorates the Allied victory in the Second World War. It was unveiled by Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein on 15 July 1947.81
Map of eastern Libya and northern Egypt, showing the fearfully close proximity of the modest rail stop of El Alamein, less than 60 miles / 100 km from the Egyptian capital and the vital waterway of the Suez Canal.82
A group of Australian soldiers resting in the Western Desert of Egypt shortly after the great Battle of El Alamein.83
11 The HMAS Voyager disaster and the Seffrin Crucifix84
This crucified figure of Christ, which hangs on the south wall of the Cathedral Oratory, was given in honour of Franklin Morgan, a young Queensland midshipman who was killed in the HMAS Voyager II disaster of 1964.85
On the left of the photo, HMAS Voyager (D04) is seen transferring stores and personnel close by the starboard side of HMAS Melbourne, with sister ship HMAS Vendetta (D08) on the carrier’s port side, while on exercise.86
Damage to the bow of HMAS Melbourne (II) following the collision with HMAS Voyager (II) in 1964. A dockyard barge at Sydney’s Garden Island naval base masks the waterline and lower damage to the carrier’s stem.88
Close-up view of part of the Seffrin Crucifix.89
Some survivors from HMAS Voyager (II) immediately after rescue by their sailor ‘mates.’89
12 The Cathedral’s regimental colours90
Brigadier R F Monaghan presents the colours of the 5th and 11th Light Horse Regiments to Dean Baddeley of the Cathedral in 1959.91
Opposite page: The colours of the 9th Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment, laid-up in the Southern Ambulatory of St John’s Cathedral.91
The 9th Battalion Royal Queensland Regiment (RQR) parades its former colours outside St John’s Cathedral in 2015 prior to their laying-up in the Cathedral.92
The 9th Battalion, RQR, presents its former colours to the Governor of Queensland, His Excellency the Hon Paul de Jersey AC, and Dr Peter Catt, Dean of St John’s Cathedral.95
Index96
Image sources100
A prayer in memory of Anzac101

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